Environmental Compliance for Data Centers: Beyond Energy Efficiency

The Key Environmental Hurdles for Data Centers (Not Including Energy!)

When you think about the environmental world of data centers, energy usage is often the first thing that comes to mind. These facilities, which power the internet and store vast amounts of data, require enormous amounts of electricity to operate their servers, cooling systems, and other infrastructure.

However, an often-overlooked aspect of environmental compliance for data centers is what happens when things go wrong—especially during a power outage. This introduces unique regulatory challenges that can easily be missed in day-to-day operations.

Sound like a headache? Don't worry! At RMA, we’re here to help data centers address these complexities and stay ahead of compliance requirements. Contact us today for help with your data center's environmental program!

The Environmental Challenge: Emergency Backup Generators

Data centers must maintain uninterrupted operations, even in emergencies, which is why they rely on backup generators. These industrial-grade generators ensure that servers stay online when the power grid fails. While they’re critical to reliability, these generators introduce another layer of environmental complexity that data centers must manage.

Backup generators used by data centers typically run on diesel or natural gas. While these fuels serve as reliable sources of power, their use triggers regulatory obligations that vary depending on the type of fuel, the location of the facility, and the size and frequency of generator use. Here’s a closer look at the specific regulations tied to each fuel type.

Diesel Generators: Air Regulations, SPCC Plans, and Tier II Reporting

Diesel generators, while powerful and widely used, introduce a host of environmental regulatory compliance needs:

1. Air Regulations: When diesel generators run, they produce all kinds of harmful emissions that are tightly regulated in many areas. Facilities often need an air permit, and they may be required to follow strict permit conditions, use newer, cleaner equipment, and/or install pollution control devices. Unfortunately, your need for an air permit isn't a clear-cut answer as this is largely dependent on the state you operate in and the specifics of your equipment.

2. SPCC (Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure) Plans: Diesel generators require on-site fuel storage, often in aboveground storage tanks (ASTs). Facilities with diesel storage capacities exceeding 1,320 gallons must comply with the federal SPCC rule, which aims to prevent spills of oil and petroleum products from contaminating the nation's waterways. This one is pretty clear-cut, if you're over the 1,320-gallon threshold, you need an SPCC plan - a document that helps you prevent spills, and know what to do if one occurs. This involves:

   • Preparing a detailed SPCC Plan that outlines how you’ll prevent and respond to fuel spills, including emergency contacts, facility maps, and more.
   • Installing secondary containment and spill clean-up supplies around fuel tanks.
   • Training staff, conducting regular inspections, and other ongoing responsibilities.

3. Tier II Reporting: Diesel fuel storage may also trigger emergency planning requirements under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). Facilities with large fuel tanks must submit Tier II reports to local and state agencies. These reports help first responders plan for emergencies, such as spills or fires.

Sound like a lot? Don't sweat it, we've seen and done it all before. Reach out to us at RMA to get your data center compliant with an air permit, SPCC plan, and Tier II reporting!

Natural Gas Generators: Air Regulations

If you're thinking - "but my generators are natural gas - am I out of the woods??" - well, not so fast. Natural gas generators are generally considered "cleaner" than diesel, which typically negates the need for an SPCC plan and Tier II reporting. However, their emissions can still fall under air quality regulations, which vary widely based on location.

In some areas, you might not need a permit or only have minimal requirements, while in others, obtaining a permit could involve a long and detailed process. States with stringent environmental policies, like California, often enforce more complex rules that may include emissions monitoring or usage restrictions. The specific requirements will depend on your facility’s size, location, and equipment.

Again, if you're unsure if this applies to you, we've got your back. Reach out to us at RMA to learn if you need an air permit for your natural gas generator setup. 

Why Compliance Matters

Failing to comply with environmental regulations can lead to significant penalties, operational disruptions, and reputational damage. Beyond fines, non-compliance risks environmental harm, drawing unwanted scrutiny from regulators and the public. For data centers, which depend on their reliability, even a small misstep can have serious consequences.

With a growing focus on sustainability, environmental compliance is also key to staying competitive. Clients increasingly prioritize providers that align with their values, making it essential for data centers to proactively address air permits, spill prevention, and other regulatory requirements to maintain trust and avoid costly setbacks.

Need Help Navigating Data Center Environmental Compliance?

The environmental regulations surrounding backup generators are complex, varying by fuel type, equipment specifications, and location. If you’re operating a data center and aren’t sure which permits, plans, or reports apply to your facility, RMA can help.

With years of experience in the industry, we’ve guided data centers through air permitting, SPCC compliance, Tier II reporting, and more. Whether you need assistance evaluating your regulatory obligations or preparing necessary documentation, our team is ready to simplify the process and ensure your facility meets all requirements.

Contact us today to learn how we can support your data center’s environmental compliance needs.